The Invention of Cod in Gafanha da Nazaré

To what extent can a fish drive specific urban developments? This paper seeks to trace the links between fluctuations in the natural cod resources, the technologies used by fishermen to catch and process the fish, and the development of coastal landscapes and urban forms. The fishing port of Gafanha da Nazaré, near Aveiro on the River Vouga lagoon, is an example of the close relationship between the twentieth-century nationalist cultural construction in Portugal (in which cod fishing played a major role), the development of urban sprawls in new territories (independently from the old urban centres with ties to agriculture) and the fluctuations in the cod populations on the other side of the Atlantic. Despite the somewhat haphazard development of the fishing port between the 1920s and the 1970s, it nonetheless established the territorial dynamics that displaced the centre of local urban developments from the ancient urban core to new territories.&nbsp

Parameterized Construction of Program Representations for Sparse Dataflow Analyses

Data-flow analyses usually associate information with control flow regions. Informally, if these regions are too small, like a point between two consecutive statements, we call the analysis dense. On the other hand, if these regions include many such points, then we call it sparse. This paper presents a systematic method to build program representations that support sparse analyses. To pave the way to this framework we clarify the bibliography about well-known intermediate program representations. We show that our approach, up to parameter choice, subsumes many of these representations, such as the SSA, SSI and e-SSA forms. In particular, our algorithms are faster, simpler and more frugal than the previous techniques used to construct SSI - Static Single Information - form programs. We produce intermediate representations isomorphic to Choi et al.'s Sparse Evaluation Graphs (SEG) for the family of data-flow problems that can be partitioned per variables. However, contrary to SEGs, we can handle - sparsely - problems that are not in this family

A Constituição é um documento valorativo? = Is the Constitution anaxiological document?

Apresenta um estudo comparado sobre a Constituição, do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos. Traz considerações acerca do direito, visto antes e após da segunda metade do século XX. Expõe teorias que enfocam a Constituição e sua finalidade, e comenta aspectos das seguintes teorias: processual da Constituição; democrática; organicista; e, em especial a dos valores substantivos. Apresenta críticas à teoria processualista ao Poder judiciário

Development of a generic fingerprint authentication framework

Estágio realizado na ALERT Life Sciences Computing, S. ATese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200

Insight into the multicopper oxidases stability

Dissertation presented to obtain the PhD degree in BiochemistryThis dissertation portrays recent development on the knowledge of the stability determinants and of functional characteristics of multicopper oxidases (MCO). Multicopper oxidases are a family of enzymes that includes laccases (benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.10.3.2), ascorbate oxidase (L-ascorbate oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.3) and ceruloplasmin (Fe2+ oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.16.3.1). MCO are characterized by having four copper ions that are classified into three distinct types of copper sites, namely type 1 (T1), type 2 (T2) and type 3 (T3). The classical T1 copper site comprises two histidine residues and a cysteine residue arranged in a distorted trigonal geometry around the copper ion with bonding distances approx. 2.0 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm); a weaker fourth methionine ligand completes the tetrahedral geometry. The copper–cysteine linkage is characterized by an intense S(π)→Cu(dx2−y2) CT (charge transfer) absorption band at approximately 600 nm, and a narrow parallel hyperfine splitting A\\ = (43–90)×10−4 cm−1 in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum. The function of the T1 copper site is to shuttle electrons from substrates to the trinuclear copper centre where molecular oxygen is reduced to two molecules of water during the complete four-electron catalytic cycle. The trinuclear center contains a T2 copper coordinated by two histidine residues and one water molecule, lacks strong absorption bands and exhibits a large parallel hyperfine splitting in the EPR spectrum (A\\ = (150–201)×10−4 cm−1). The T2 copper site is in close proximity to two T3 copper ions, which are each coordinated by three histidine residues and typically coupled, for example, through a dioxygen molecule. The T3 or coupled binuclear copper site is characterized by an intense absorption band at 330 nm originating from the bridging ligand and by the absence of an EPR signal due to the antiferromagnetically coupling of the copper ions.(...)Apoio financeiro da FCT e do FSE no âmbito do Quadro Comunitário de Apoio, BD nº SFRH/BD/31444/200

NOx assisted high temperature soot oxidation : screening of the catalytic systems based on high-surface area Zr02 as support

Estágio realizado na Delft University of Technology e orientado pelo Dr. Arkady Kustov e Dr. Michiel MakkeeTese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Química. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200

CSR coffee brand value: a retailers perspective

O comércio justo, como um afloramento da responsabilidade social das organizações, ganhou importância com o comércio de café onde os consumidores finais, alegadamente, tendem a dar importância a marcas que adotam o comércio justo. No entanto, a escolha da marca é de facto feita pelos retalhistas que condicionam em primeira mão as escolhas dos consumidores. Esta questão tem vindo a ser objeto de estudo, especialmente em Portugal, facto que é de relevo se considerarmos sobretudo o facto do comércio de café em Portugal ser especialmente expressivo. Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender até que ponto é que a escolha da marca de café pelos retalhistas reflete os atributos e preferências de RSO dos consumidores simultaneamente comparando a sua capacidade explicativa contra as variáveis não relacionadas com a RSO, tais como o preço, a qualidade do produto, na determinação do valor global da marca. Os resultados obtidos com um inquérito efetuado a 88 retalhistas de café mostra uma clara associação entre as opções de compra dos retalhistas de café e refletem os atributos e preferências de RSO dos consumidores finais. Mais, demonstra ainda que o comércio justo é um preditor do valor global das marcas de café, enquanto que as variáveis não relacionadas com a RSO não o são. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da teoria existente e dos resultados relativamente a ela existentes.Fair trade, as an expression of corporate social responsibility, gained especial importance in coffee business where end consumer allegedly give preference for brands endorsing fair trade. However, brand choice is actually made by retailers who condition first-hand the end consumer choices. This issue has been under researched, especially in Portugal, which is of relevance especially if we take into account the fact that Portuguese coffee trade has considerable expression. This study is set to understand to which extent do retailers’ coffee brand choices reflect attributed CSR preferences to end consumers while also comparing its explanative power against non-CSR variables, such as price or product quality, in predicting overall brand equity. Results with 88 coffee retailers show a clear association between retailer coffee brand choices and attributed CSR brand preferences of end consumers. Also, that fair trade is a predictor of overall coffee brand equity while non-CSR variables failed to be so. Results are discussed at the light of extant theory and conclusions draw pertaining

a comparative analysis

A necessidade sentida pelos indivíduos de se unirem no desenvolvimento de atividades comerciais, aliada ao intenso e histórico controlo por parte dos governos dos últimos 5 séculos, levou à proliferação de “partnerships”. Com o passar do tempo estas serão progressivamente substituídas, na Europa Continental, por empresas de responsabilidade limitada. No entanto, no Reino Unido, não só se irão maioritariamente manter, como irão sofrer transformações em virtude da necessidade de adaptação à evolução social. As sociedades comerciais encontram-se no núcleo duro da problemática que cerca a transparência fiscal. De facto, a transparência fiscal tem o seu desenvolvimento primário pela desconsideração das sociedades comerciais enquanto entidades autónomas dos seus membros. O modo radicalmente diferente como as sociedades comerciais se desenvolveram no Reino Unido e na Europa Continental explica a presente diferença nos regimes de transparência fiscal entre o Reino Unido e Portugal. O regime da transparência fiscal é o regime por via do qual uma sociedade com ou sem personalidade jurídica é desconsiderada para efeitos de tributação sendo, ao invés, os seus lucros imputados diretamente aos sócios e tributados na sua esfera pessoal. Os tipos de entidades às quais este regime se aplica diferem grandemente do regime Português para o regime Inglês, bem como as motivações e objetivos que levaram o legislador à construção dos respetivos regimes. Em Portugal, a verificação de um conjunto de requisitos leva à aplicação automática do regime de transparência fiscal, potencialmente a qualquer sociedade, só tendo em atenção as características dos sócios ou membros. Pelo contrário, no Reino Unido, a transparência fiscal só é aplicável às “partnerships” de um modo totalmente objectivo. Esta potencial diferença faz das “partnerships” inglesas estruturas de investimento perfeitas e consequentemente, permite a atração de investimento pela não tributação no país de incorporação/registo dos rendimentos não obtidos naquele território. Em sentido contrário, o regime português não só falha completamente em atingir os objetivos que se propõe, como se revela extremamente pouco atrativo e mesmo injusto quer para residente, quer para não residentes, assim atuando como obstáculo ao investimento.The need people had to develop businesses together, allied to the intense historical control and limitations on incorporation from governments over the last 5 centuries, have led to the proliferation of “partnerships”. In time these will eventually be mostly replaced, in Continental Europe, by limited liability companies. However, in the United Kingdom, not only will they majorly keep as they will suffer mutations in result from the need to adapt to evolving times. Corporate bodies lie at the very soul of the tax transparency problematic. In fact, tax transparency firstly develops due to the disregard of the “company” as a separate entity from its members. The radically different way in which corporate entities developed in the United Kingdom and in Continental Europe explains the present gap in tax transparency regimens between the United Kingdom and Portugal. The tax transparency regimen is a system through which a corporate body with or without legal personality is disregarded for tax purposes being, instead, the profits allocated to the partners or members and taxed in their own personal sphere. The types of entities to which this regimen applies greatly differ between the Portuguese and the English regimen, as well as the purposes behind the regimens and the motivations that lead the legal drafter to the design of such systems. In Portugal the verification of a pre-set number of requisites leads to the automatic application of the tax transparency regimen, potentially to every company, only attaining to the qualities of the members or partners. On the contrary, in the United Kingdom, tax transparency is only applicable to partnerships in an absolutely objective way. This potential difference makes the United Kingdom partnerships perfect investment structures and, consequently, attracts investment through the avoidance of taxation in the country of registration/incorporation, regarding income that is not connected to that territory. Conversely the Portuguese regimen not only completely fails to achieve all the objectives that it was conceived to, as it presents extremely unattractive and even an unfair for both residents and non-residents, hence negatively preventing investment